Abstract

From the modern perspective, ancient consolatory writings are characterized by a striking absence of empathy and compassion. They primarily address negative emotions such as sorrow and grief. In particular, the Stoics discuss the handling of negative experiences based on nuanced conceptions of emotions. While Cicero considers the traditional consolatory arguments of philosophers to be only partially effective, Seneca unfolds a complex textual strategy in the oldest preserved consolatio, the consolatory writing for Marcia, to alleviate grief. Stoic concepts are employed in a manner tailored to the specific biographical situation of the addressee, activating the imagination to bring about a profound change in attitude. Reflection, imagination, and performance are the essential elements in this process.