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Unexpected Chords

Musico-Poetic Intermediality in Amy Lowell´s Poetry and Poetics

Schober, Regina

American Studies – A Monograph Series, Bd. 200

2012

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Abstract

One of the central figures of the Imagist movement, American poet Amy Lowell (1874–1925) experimented with poetic Language and form by turning to the musical medium. This book examines the various ways in which the concept of music relates to and shapes Lowell’s poetical and critical work. In Lowell’s poems, music functions not only as sonic and rhythmic material or structural model, but also as a theme, reflecting cultural and aesthetic debates of an emerging modernity, such as gender, effects of urbanization, the First World War, primitivism, and cultural validity. In her critical writings, the idea of music fosters Lowell’s development of free verse, polyphonic prose, and her performative poetics. In considering Lowell’s poetry and poetics through its ‘medial other’, this study aims at re-positioning Lowell within a Literary and Cultural Studies discourse which accounts for the intermedial nature of her Modernist aesthetics.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

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Acknowledgements 5
Contents 7
Introduction 9
1 Musico-Poetic Intermediality 53
1.1 Terminology, Theories, and State of Research 56
1.2 Intermedial Approaches to Amy Lowell's Poetry 61
1.2.1 Imagine Media! (Inter)Medial Conceptualization 63
1.2.2 Music Into Text: Intermedial Translation 69
1.2.3 Dissolving Media: Modal Intersections 77
1.3 Intermedial Perspectives: Amy Lowell Revisited 82
2 Music Abstracted: A Romantic Ideal of Music in "A Dome of Many-Coloured Glass" 85
2.1 Harmony and the Ideal of Unity 93
2.2 Beating Eternity: Time and Metaphysics 97
2.3 Lowell's Songbirds: Nature as Creative Inspiration 107
3 The Silence Almost is a Sound: Sonic Representation from Synesthesia to Noise 117
3.1 Synestesia or Intersensoriality? 123
3.2 How Still it is! The Absence of Sound 132
3.3 The Restlessness of an Incongruous Century: Silencing the Noises of Modernity 138
3.4 Nocturnal Silence 150
4 The Music of Imagism 159
4.1 Impressionism, Haiku, and the Superimposition of Images 160
4.2 A Constant Modulation of Values: Free Verse and Musical Rhythm 166
4.3 The Image of (Musical) Impressionism 186
5 Polyphonic Prose and the Allegory of War 191
5.1 Intrusion and Confusion: War Pictures 208
5.2 The Complexities of Human Contact: Can Grande's Castle 217
5.2.1 Identity and Synthesis 221
5.2.2 Time and Space 228
5.2.3 Chaos and Structure 234
6 Translating Music, Translating Culture: Lowell's Grotesque (and) Primitivism 241
6.1 Amy Lowell and the Grotesque 245
6.2 From Eccentricity to Melancholy: Pierrot Lunaire turns Gothic 252
6.3 After Hearing a Waltz by Bartók 262
6.4 Amy Lowell's Peasant Dance: Translating Stravinsky's Primitivism 280
6.5 Intermedial Translation as Cultural Translation 294
7 Music as a Culturar Signifier 297
7.1 The Value of Music: Negotiating Cultural Validity 299
7.2 Music, Gender, and Sexual Desire 318
Conclusion 331
Bibliography 337
Archival Documents 354
Index 357
Example 1: Claude Debussy, “Poissons d’Or,” b. 1-6 172
Example 2: Debussy, “Poissons d’Or,” b.30-1st beat of b. 31 174
Example 3: Igor Stravinsky, Three Pieces no. 2, “Excentrique,” b. 13-14 255
Example 4: Stravinsky, “Excentrique,” b. 31-33 256
Example 5: Stravinsky, “Excentrique,” opening, b. 1-3 256
Example 6: Stravinsky, “Excentrique,” b. 4-5 258
Example 7: Béla Bartók, “Valse,” opening, b. 1-7 264
Example 8: Bartók, “Valse,” b. 27-28 266
Example 9: Bartók, “Valse,” b. 83-86 266
Example 10: Bartók, “Valse,” b. 45-64 267
Example 11: Bartók, “Valse,” b. 128-150 268
Example 12: Bartók, “Valse,” b. 37-43 269
Example 13: Stravinsky, Three Pieces no. 1, “Danse,” b. 1-10 287
Example 14: Stravinsky, “Danse,” violin and cello opening motif, b .1 289