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Modernist Authenticities

The Material Body and the Poetics of Amy Lowell and William Carlos Williams

Knewitz, Simone

American Studies – A Monograph Series, Bd. 245

2014

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Abstract

‘Modernist Authenticities’ challenges current understandings of modernism by investigating modernist poetry’s affinities with surfaces, performances, and materiality. Arguing that modernist writers reference the material body as a source of authenticity and anxiety, this study explores poetry in the context of somatic discourses. Reconsidering Amy Lowell’s and William Carlos Williams’s poetry, as well as texts by selected other authors, this book suggests that modernism operates with both essentialist and performative conceptions of authenticity. The study proposes that the expansion of the modernist canon in the last decades has still privileged the high modernist paradigm of originality. Authors like Williams and Lowell, who emphasize the theatrical and the performative, were relegated to the margins. Reading Williams’s and Lowell’s poems in relation to photography and film, expressive culture, and discourses of deviance, this book illuminates modernist literary practices in new ways.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

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Contents 5
Acknowledgments 7
Abbreviations 11
Introduction 13
Modernism and the Quest for Authenticity 17
Understanding Poems as Social Acts 21
The Body as a Source of Authenticity and Anxiety 26
Amy Lowell, William Carlos Williams, and the Canons of Modernism 31
1 Poetry and Materiality: The Flower as Modernist Trope 37
“nature is not all red in tooth and claw”: The Victorian Culture of Flowers 40
The Language and Eroticism of Flowers in the Poetry of Lowell, T. S. Eliot, and H.D. 44
“Steel Roses”: Flowers in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction 54
Modern(ist) Flower Discourses and the Power of the Performative 74
2 Authenticity, Presence, Voice: Modernist Formal Innovation and Early Twentieth-Century Expressive Culture 77
From the Expressive Culture Movement to Physical Culture 80
Spoken Art: Amy Lowell and S. S. Curry’s Theory of Expression 85
Poetry as Self-Expression? Authenticity, Presence, and Voice in Williams’s Al Que Quiere! 101
Authentic Expression and Natural Form 113
3 Borderline Modernism: Sensation, Expression, and the Unconscious 119
Expression as Improvisation: The Performance of Immediacy in Kora in Hell 121
Black Bodies, White Subjects: Sensation and Expression in Borderline 133
Amy Lowell and the Senses of Modernism 146
4 Techniques of the Observer: Formal Experimentation in Williams’s Voyeuristic Poetry 151
Spectacles of Deviance: “To Elsie” and Turn-of-the-Century Visual Representations 152
Observing the Observer: Williams’s Self-Reflective Voyeurism 164
“The supreme importance / of this nameless spectacle”: The Poet’s Gaze and the Bodies of Others in Spring and All 171
“Secret gardens of the self”: Diagnostic Encounters in the “Doctor Stories” 182
5 Pictures of the FloatingWorld: Racial and Sexual Otherness in Lowell’s Enclosed Garden 191
The “Lacquer Prints”: Sex and the Floating World 195
“When we have shut and barred the door”: The Poetics of the Enclosed Garden 203
Lowell, Williams, and the Spectacle of the Other 213
Coda, Rethinking Modernism(s), Revisiting the Harlem Renaissance 215
Performing Authenticity: Modernism and the Material Body 218
Rereading the Harlem Renaissance 223
(Re)Turn to Presence: Modernist Poetry and Contemporary Theory 226
Works Cited 231