BUCH
Framing Spaces in Motion
Tracing Visualizations of Earthquakes into Twentieth-Century San Francisco
American Studies – A Monograph Series, Bd. 255
2015
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Abstract
‘Framing Spaces in Motion’ explores how communities come to terms with earthquakes as well as the risk of their recurrences and how these moments of physical and ideological rupture emerge as sites of negotiation for preexisting cultural, political, and economic conflicts. From an in-depth examination of the early modern European textual and visual repertoires of making sense of earthquakes, ‘Framing Spaces in Motion’ traces the development of earthquake discourses and framing patterns into the nineteenth-century United States. A profound discussion of the historical protocols of disaster discourses in the San Francisco Bay Area paves the ground for an extensive analysis of the earthquake framings of one of the most prolifically visualized events at the turn of the century, the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and Fire. ‘Framing Spaces in Motion’ is the first comprehensive study to investigate the rhetorical and pictorial conventions of framing earthquakes from a transnational perspective and also one of the first to devote ample attention to the visual culture of natural disasters by assessing earthquake pictures in their interpictorial relationships, (in)visibilities, and strategic manipulations. In addition to its grounding in Transnational American Studies, the analysis is located at the intersection of visual culture studies, disaster studies, ecocriticism, and memory studies.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
| Zwischenüberschrift | Seite | Aktion | Preis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contents | VII | ||
| Acknowledgements | i | ||
| Prologue: How the Pictures Became the Frames | 1 | ||
| 1. Introduction:‘ Framing Spaces in Motion’ | 5 | ||
| 2. Introducing the Conceptual Scaffolding | 11 | ||
| 2.1 Emplacing ‘Framing Spaces in Motion’ in American Studies | 11 | ||
| 2.2 ‘Nature’ and ‘Disasters’ in Their (Inter-)Disciplinary Contexts | 13 | ||
| 2.3 Earthquake Frames | 27 | ||
| 2.4 The Pictorial Interplay in Earthquake Pictures | 32 | ||
| 3. On the Pictorial Repertoire of Earthquake Illustrations | 47 | ||
| 3.1 European Conventions of ‘Framing Spaces in Motion’ | 47 | ||
| 3.2 American Practices and Traditions of Depicting Earthquakes | 83 | ||
| 4. Framing San Francisco’s Early Firesand Earthquakes | 127 | ||
| 4.1 The Risings of the Phoenix: The Six Great Conflagrations | 127 | ||
| 4.2 Nineteenth-Century Tremors in San Francisco | 157 | ||
| 5. The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and Fire | 205 | ||
| 5.1 ‘The day of the end of the world’: April 18, 1906 | 205 | ||
| 5.2 The Visual Culture of the 1906 San Francisco Calamity | 215 | ||
| 5.3 The Framings of the 1906 Disaster in and beyond Picture Frames | 234 | ||
| 5.4 Re-Framing the Earthquake and Fire Pictures of 1906 | 276 | ||
| Fig. 36: “Looking West” (1906 | 227 | ||
| Fig. 37: “View of Nob Hill” (1906 | 227 | ||
| Fig. 38: “Looking Northwest” (1906 | 227 | ||
| Fig. 39: Map from “San Francisco: The Imperishable” (1906 | 229 | ||
| Fig. 40: Map from San Francisco and Vicinity (1906 | 229 | ||
| Fig. 41: Chas Ehrer, Custom-Made Postcard (1906 | 232 | ||
| Fig. 42: Allegorical Drawing of the Rising Phoenix (1906 | 236 | ||
| Fig. 43: “Effect of the Earthquake” (1906 | 241 | ||
| Fig. 44: “Result of Earthquake” (1906 | 241 | ||
| Fig. 45: Pre-Fire Panorama of San Francisco (1906 | 246 | ||
| Fig. 46: Post-Fire Panorama of San Francisco (1906 | 246 | ||
| Fig. 47: Advertisement for “Pompeii in America” (ca. 1906 | 249 | ||
| Fig. 48: Anna Biggs, Drawing of the Ruined City Hall (1906 | 251 | ||
| Fig. 49: Louis J. Stellman, “Portals of the Past” (1910 | 253 | ||
| Fig. 50: Maynard Dixon, Sunset Magazine Cover (1906 | 257 | ||
| Fig. 51: “Undaunted” (1915 | 259 | ||
| Fig. 52: “A Return to Nature” (1906 | 261 | ||
| Fig. 53: “True Grit” (1906 | 264 | ||
| Fig. 54: “Refuge Camp” (1906 | 265 | ||
| Fig. 55: “Fun Making” at the ‘House of Mirth’ (1906 | 266 | ||
| Fig. 56: J.D. Givens, “Breadline at St. Mary’s Cathedral” (1906 | 272 | ||
| Fig. 57: “Refugees Watching the Burning City” (1906 | 277 | ||
| Fig. 58: “Safes Being Guarded” (1906 | 284 | ||
| Fig. 59: “Photograph Showing the Terrible Effects” (ca. 1905 | 288 | ||
| Fig. 60: “California Street […] Before the Fire” (1906 | 289 | ||
| Fig. 61: Arnold Genthe, Untitled Photograph (1906 | 296 | ||
| Fig. 62: “The Heart of Chinatown” (1906 | 301 | ||
| Fig. 63: Arnold Genthe, “On the Ruins (April 1906 | 301 | ||
| Fig. 64: “San Francisco Earthquake: Digging for Souvenirs” (1906 | 306 | ||
| Fig. 65: “Looking East from Corner Ellis and Jones” (1906 | 309 | ||
| Fig. 66: “Emergency Camp” (1906 | 312 | ||
| Fig. 67: Detail from J.D. Givens, “Breadline at St. Mary’s” (1906 | 315 | ||
| Fig. 68: Arnold Genthe, Photograph of Sacramento Street (1906 | 324 | ||
| 6. Conclusion | 323 | ||
| List of Figures | 345 | ||
| Fig. 1: “Clay St. from Knob Hill” (1906 | 47 | ||
| Fig. 2: 16th-Century Woodcut of the 1570 Ferrara Earthquake | 51 | ||
| Fig. 3: 16th-Century Earthquake Illustration from the Cosmographia | 59 | ||
| Fig. 4: 18th-Century Copper Engraving “Lisabona | 67 | ||
| Fig. 5: “Lisbon Tragedy” (1755 | 67 | ||
| Fig. 6: Detail from Copper Engraving “Lisbon, 1755” (ca.1755-1800 | 69 | ||
| Fig. 7: “Lisbon, 1755: Before and After” (ca. 1770 | 70 | ||
| Fig. 8: Le Bas, “The Opera House” (1757 | 73 | ||
| Fig. 9: Detail from Pompeo Schiantarelli, “Monteleone, 1783” (1783 | 80 | ||
| Fig. 10: New England Earthquake Woodcut Print (ca. 1744 | 92 | ||
| Fig. 11: New England Earthquake Woodcut Print (ca. 1755 | 95 | ||
| Fig. 12: “The Great Earthquake at New Madrid” (ca. 1851 | 101 | ||
| Fig. 13: “Steamboat Navigating the Missouri” (ca. late 1850s-70s | 103 | ||
| Fig. 14: “Chicago in Flames” (1871 | 110 | ||
| Fig. 15: “Swift Justice” (1872 | 112 | ||
| Fig. 16: Drawing of the Masonic Temple in Chicago (1871 | 114 | ||
| Fig. 17: “Northwest Corner Washington and LaSalle Sts.” (1871 | 114 | ||
| Fig. 18: “The Earthquake” (1886 | 119 | ||
| Fig. 19: “Charleston, South Carolina, Earthquake” (1886 | 123 | ||
| Fig. 20: “Derailed Locomotive on Ten Mile Hill” (1886 | 123 | ||
| Fig. 21: Logo of the San Francisco Museum and Hist. Society | 128 | ||
| Fig. 22: “Sixth Great Conflagration” (1851 | 148 | ||
| Fig. 23: “Fire of May 4th, 1851” (ca. 1851-55 | 148 | ||
| Fig. 24: Detail from “Fire of May 4th, 1851 | 150 | ||
| Fig. 25: “View & Plan of the Burnt District” (1851 | 152 | ||
| Fig. 26: Edward Jump, “Earth Quakey Times” (1865 | 172 | ||
| Fig. 27: Detail from E. Jump, “Earth Quakey Times” (1865 | 174 | ||
| Fig. 28: “The Great Earthquake in San Francisco [No. 1]” (1865 | 176 | ||
| Fig. 29: Carleton Watkins, “Effects of the Earthquake” (1868 | 190 | ||
| Fig. 30: Eadweard Muybridge, “Effect of Earthquake” (1868 | 194 | ||
| Fig. 31: Earthquake Relief, Pompeii, Italy (1898 | 202 | ||
| Fig. 32: Jack London, Untitled Photograph (1906 | 207 | ||
| Fig. 33: “City Hall” (1906 | 216 | ||
| Fig. 34: Sears, Roebuck, & Co. Advertisement (1908 | 219 | ||
| Fig. 35: “The Burning Call Building” (1906 | 224 | ||
| Works Cited | 347 |
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