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Phantasmatic Knowledge

Visions of the Human and the Scientific Gaze in English Literature, 1880–1930

Scholz, Susanne

Anglistische Forschungen, Bd. 436

2013

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Abstract

‘Phantasmatic Knowledge’ investigates changing anthropological visions as they were negotiated in late Victorian and early twentieth century literature. It starts from the assumption that in nineteenth century scientific discourse, a human being can only be accepted as fully human if it is visually perceived as human. One of the scientific genres to ‘produce’ and normalize man in the late nineteenth century is the case study, so the first part of the book analyses three notorious ‘cases’ of late Victorian London, Joseph Merrick, the so-called “Elephant Man”, Jack the Ripper, and the ‘Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’. Its second part provides readings of texts by Stevenson and Hardy, and traces the ways in which the emergence of photography created the conditions for a specific way of seeing which also impacted the techniques of literary representation. A final chapter on mummy fiction addresses ethical questions regarding the precarious status of the human as an object of knowledge.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

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Contents 5
Acknowledgements 9
Introduction: on Reading Faces 11
I. Borders of the Human: Making a Case 25
Epistemological Prologue I: Case Studies 25
1 Normalisation and Monstrosity: the ‘Elephant Man’ 33
2 Cultural Pathologies: the “Making of …” Jack the Ripper 57
3 Cases and Experiments: Jekyll and Hyde 77
II. Victorian Visualities: Being (in) the Picture 95
Epistemological Prologue II: Photographic Optimism 95
4 Family Likeness, Heredity and Visuality: R.L. Stevenson’s “Olalla” 105
5 Seriality and the Artist’s Gaze: Thomas Hardy’s "The Well-Beloved" 121
6 Ancient Wisdom versus Modern Knowledge: the Return of the Mummies 139
Epilogue: Literary Knowledge 161
Bibliography 163
Picture Credits 173
Register 175