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Into the Woods of Wicked Wonderland

Musicals Revise Fairy Tales

Cutolo, Raffaele

Anglistische Forschungen, Bd. 441

2014

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Abstract

This work explores the dynamics of the metamorphosis that the classical fairy tales have undergone throughout the centuries. Such analysis is conducted from a literary and from a memetic point of view, through an investigation that aims at outlining the role of the fairy tale within the relationship between man’s urge for self-narration and the performance of such urge. It specifically focusses on the evolutionary process that links the Grimms’ collection, Carroll’s Alice books, Baum’s ‘The Wonderful Wizard of Oz’, and Maguire’s ‘Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West’ to the musicals that stem from them: Stephen Sondheim’s ‘Into the Woods’, Stephen Schwartz’s Wicked, and Frank Wildhorn’s ‘Wonderland’. By taking into account the intertextual, intermodal, and interpersonal exchanges enabled by these three revisions, the book explores the journey of the Self and its everlasting search for an answer to the question that the Caterpillar asks Alice: “Who are you?”

Inhaltsverzeichnis

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Contents 5
Introduction 7
1 (Re-)Considerations on the Fairy Tale 13
1.1 The Postmodern Revision of the Fairy Tale 13
1.2 The Fairy Tale and Cultural Evolution 18
1.2.1 A phylogenetic perspective 18
1.2.2 The rhizomatic fairy tale 28
1.3 Evolutions of the Fairy Tale 34
1.3.1 Literary rewritings and revisions 34
1.3.2 Transposition 39
1.4 The disneyfied fairy tale 45
2 Musical Theatre as Narrative Performance 51
2.1 Storytelling, cultural performance, and the musical 51
2.2 Approaching performances: semiotic and phenomenological approach 60
2.3 The integrated musical 67
2.3.1 Multimodal coherence 76
3 Intertextual Exchanges in the Woods 83
3.1 Fairy tales and musical theatre 83
3.2 ‘Intertextuality’: terminology’s vagueness 88
3.3 Defining fairy-tale merging 91
3.4 Fairy-tale merging in Into the Woods 95
3.4.1 A fairy tale about fairy tales 95
3.4.2 Interconnections in the unified fairy tale kingdom 100
3.5 “Into the woods, then out of the woods, and home before dark 107
3.6 The sexual Self: “I Know Things Now 115
3.7 Never mind the Witch’s story 122
4 Intermodal Exchanges in the Land of Oz 125
4.1 The Wonderful Wizard of Oz 125
4.2 Maguire’s Wicked: de-constructing the Wicked Witch of the West 131
4.3 The rewriting of the rewriting: Wicked the musical 145
4.3.1 Weaving the story 145
4.3.2 Glinda the Good 151
4.4 The reconstruction of the witch 160
5 Interpersonal Exchanges in Wonderland 179
5.1 Lewis Carroll and the Victorian fairy tale 179
5.2 The Alice books 184
5.3 The Alice meme 190
5.3.1 From Carroll to Burton, via Disney 193
5.4 Wonderland: A New Alice 199
5.5 Staring at the looking-glass 201
References 207