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Ethics and Lyric Poetry

Language as World Disclosure in French Symbolism and Canadian Modernism

Lohöfer, Astrid

Britannica et Americana. 3. Folge, Bd. 30

2014

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Abstract

This book examines the relationship between ethics and modernist poetry, arguing that the ethical implications of these texts are inseparable from their creative use of Language. Most studies in the field of ethical criticism either focus on the transmission of moral values in prose works, thus ignoring the genre of poetry, or re-define ethics as an aesthetic category, thereby bypassing the concrete ethical concerns of individual texts. This study proposes an alternative conception of poetic Language, which considers the linguistic creativeness of literature as a means of ethical world-disclosure, i.e., as a dynamic tool of revealing aspects of the world that remain hidden in ordinary discourse. The readings of poems by Baudelaire, Rimbaud, Scott, and Livesay suggest that the world-disclosing function of poetic Language is not only crucial to the understanding of modernist ethics, but also a way to bridge the gap between moralist and aestheticist approaches to literary interpretation.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

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Table of Contents 7
Acknowledgements 9
General Introduction 11
Part one “Poetry makes nothing happen”:Ethics and Literary Criticism 23
Introduction to Part One 25
I “Stories are our major moral teachers”: Towards an Ethical Criticism 31
1 Choosing the Right Company: Authors and Characters as Friends 36
2 Gaining Practical Wisdom: Literature as Moral Philosophy 42
3 Accepting the Limits of Language: Reading as an Experience of Undecidability 48
4 Re-inventing Oneself: Literature as a Source of New Vocabularies 55
II “Poetically man dwells”: Towards Ethics in Lyric Poetry 65
1 Lyric versus Ethics: The Paradigm of Modernist Aestheticism 71
2 Epi- versus Graphi-Reading: The Problem of Language in Ethical Criticism 78
3 World-Disclosure and Living Metaphors: Beyond Epi- versus Graphi-Reading 86
4 Ethics and Lyric Language: Beyond Meta-Ethical Considerations 96
Conclusion to Part One 103
Part two “La Poésie ne rythmera plus l’action,elle sera en avant”:Ethics and French Symbolism 105
Introduction to Part Two 107
III “Trouver du nouveau”: Charles Baudelaire 115
1 “Par un décret des puissances suprêmes”: The Poet’s Ethical Task 120
2 “Je cherche le vide, et le noir, et le nu”: Poetry as Word-Disclosure 126
3 “T’infuser mon venin, ma soeur!”: Aesthetic Renewal as Moral Critique 131
4 Baudelaire as a “parfait comédien”: Ethical Reflection under Censorship 138
IV “Trouver une langue”: Arthur Rimbaud 147
1 “Il dort dans le soleil”: Unveiling the Rhetorics of War 151
2 “Ils se ressentent si bien vivre”: Challenging the Discourse of Salvation 158
3 “Et mon bureau?”: Confronting Ignorance 165
4 “Un bateau frêle comme un papillon de mai”: Creating Utopia 173
Conclusion to Part Two 187
Part three “The aim of poetry is to illuminate the worldand mankind’s task within it”:Ethics and Canadian Modernism 189
Introduction to Part Three 191
V “A new dimension of thought and feeling”: F. R. Scott 197
1 “How shall I hear old music?”: Between Ethics and Aesthetics 203
2 “A new language in birds”: Against Ossified Conceptions of Art 212
3 “Nothing can take its place”: Towards a Recognition of Poetry’s Ethical Power 218
4 “But a deeper note is sounding”: Beyond the Dualism of Civilization and Nature 223
VI “Language defines our life, our relationships”: Dorothy Livesay 237
1 “Forgive us our distances”: Suffering from Gender Binaries 242
2 “Meanings bound re-bound”: Striving for a New Dimension of Poetic Experience 249
3 “Invert the world”: Unleashing Language 258
4 “Woman in man, and man in womb”: Achieving Self-Completion 265
Conclusion to Part Three 275
General Conclusion 277
Works cited 283
Index of Names and Works 315