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Abstract
The Hieroglyphic Luwian inscriptions of the Iron Age contain sparse but substantial information regarding several aspects of the socio-economic structure of the so-called Neo-Hittite states, such as royal, official and professional titles, nouns of measures, records of local adiminstrative activities and of private or semi-private trades. The goal of the present work is to present and examine this epigraphic documentation and to extrapolate, with a philological, historical and linguistic approach, the data pertaining to a socio-economic history of the Iron Age Luwian kingdoms of Syria and Anatolia.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
| Zwischenüberschrift | Seite | Aktion | Preis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover | C | ||
| Titelei | i | ||
| Table of Contents | v | ||
| Foreword | xi | ||
| Philological Note | xiii | ||
| Chapter 1. Introductory Remarks | 17 | ||
| 1.1 Near Eastern and Neo-Hittite Societies | 17 | ||
| 1.2 The Sources about Neo-Hittite Society | 20 | ||
| 1.2.1 Archaeological Sources | 20 | ||
| 1.2.2 Written Sources | 23 | ||
| 1.3 Small States | 26 | ||
| 1.3.1 The Problem of the Origin | 26 | ||
| 1.3.2 The Semitic "Secondary" States | 28 | ||
| 1.3.3 The Neo-Hittite States | 29 | ||
| 1.4 Specific Sources about Society and Economy | 32 | ||
| Chapter 2. Historical Overview | 35 | ||
| 2.1 Definition of Neo-Hittite States | 35 | ||
| 2.2 The Dark Age | 37 | ||
| 2.3 The Neo-Hittite Era | 44 | ||
| 2.3.1 The Rise of Karkemiš and the 10th Century BCE | 45 | ||
| 2.3.2 The 9th Century BCE and the Campaigns of Salmanassar | 52 | ||
| 2.3.3 The 8th Century | 56 | ||
| 2.3.4 The Sargonic Conquest and the Epilogue | 60 | ||
| Chapter 3. Who Ruled the Neo-Hittite States? | 65 | ||
| 3.1 The Neo-Hittite Political Form | 65 | ||
| 3.1.1 The Monarchic Structure | 65 | ||
| 3.1.2 Extension and Political Homogeneity | 70 | ||
| 3.2 The Attested Titles | 72 | ||
| 3.3 Royal and Political Titles of the Dark Age | 74 | ||
| 3.3.1 The Titles | 75 | ||
| 3.4 Neo-Hittite Royal and Political Titles | 78 | ||
| 3.4.1 MAGNUS.REX | 78 | ||
| 3.4.2 REX (*handawati-) and Compounds | 82 | ||
| 3.4.3 HEROS | 88 | ||
| 3.4.4 tarwani- (IUDEX) | 90 | ||
| 3.4.5 REGIO.DOMINUS | 97 | ||
| 3.4.6 FLUMEN.DOMINUS | 101 | ||
| 3.4.7 *tapariyal(l)i- (LEPUS+ra/i-ia-li-) | 104 | ||
| 3.4.8 warpal(l)i- | 107 | ||
| 3.5 Female Royal Titles | 108 | ||
| 3.5.1 MAGNUS.DOMINA (hasusara/i-) | 108 | ||
| 3.5.2 IUDEX FEMINA | 111 | ||
| 3.5.3 BONUS FEMINA | 112 | ||
| 3.5.4 TERRA.DEUS.DOMINA | 114 | ||
| Chapter 4. Roles and Professions in the Neo-Hittite States | 117 | ||
| 4.1 Neo-Hittite Non-Royal Titles and Professional Nouns | 117 | ||
| 4.1.1 Linguistic Note | 117 | ||
| 4.2 Priests | 119 | ||
| 4.2.1 kumaza- | 119 | ||
| 4.2.2 MAGNUS.URCEUS | 120 | ||
| 4.2.3 putiti- | 121 | ||
| 4.2.4 SACERDOS (*355) | 122 | ||
| 4.2.5 (CAELUM.*286.X)s(a)pantari- | 123 | ||
| 4.2.6 (FEMINA.PURUS.INFRA)taniti | 124 | ||
| 4.3 Lesser Titles | 125 | ||
| 4.3.1 an(n)a/i- and an(n)at(t)i- | 125 | ||
| 4.3.2 DOMINUS | 126 | ||
| 4.3.3 EXERCITUS MAGNUS | 130 | ||
| 4.3.4 MAGNUS-r(a)iyanzi and the Adjective MAGNUS-raz(z)a- | 131 | ||
| 4.3.5 ("LIGNUM")sukala- | 132 | ||
| 4.3.6 *tiwadami-/*tiwarami- CAPUT-ti- | 133 | ||
| 4.3.7 *uriyal(l)i- (MAGNUS+ra/i-ia-li-) | 135 | ||
| 4.3.8 warpasi DOMINUS | 136 | ||
| 4.3.9 ("*474")w(a)sinasi- | 138 | ||
| 4.3.10 *ziti- (VIR) and *74 | 139 | ||
| 4.4 Titles Borrowed from Akkadian | 141 | ||
| 4.4.1 (LIGNUM)hazani- | 141 | ||
| 4.4.2 (*474)sariyasi- | 142 | ||
| 4.5 Nouns of Status and Subordination Titles | 143 | ||
| 4.5.1 arawan(n)i- | 143 | ||
| 4.5.2 POST-ra/i- CAPUT-ti- | 144 | ||
| 4.5.3 SERVUS (*hudarli-) | 145 | ||
| 4.5.4 SUB-nandawa/i- and Verbal Phrase SUB-nan izi(ya)- | 148 | ||
| 4.6 Nouns Indicating a Profession | 149 | ||
| 4.6.1 hur(a/i)nal(l)i- | 149 | ||
| 4.6.2 kukisati- | 150 | ||
| 4.6.3 kwananal(l)a- | 152 | ||
| 4.6.4 mizinal(l)a- | 153 | ||
| 4.6.5 REL-is OVIS(ANIMAL)-si- | 154 | ||
| 4.6.6 REL-is (PANIS)tura/ipasi- | 155 | ||
| 4.6.7 sarkunal(l)a- | 155 | ||
| 4.6.8 SCRIBA | 157 | ||
| 4.6.9 tarpal(l)a/i- | 159 | ||
| 4.6.10 tunikal(l)a-/tunikara- | 160 | ||
| 4.7 Problematic Titles | 161 | ||
| 4.7.1 *279-la/i- | 161 | ||
| 4.7.2 amuralura/i- | 162 | ||
| 4.7.3 a┌satar?┐-ura/i- | 162 | ||
| 4.7.4 haturala- | 163 | ||
| 4.7.5 huhurpari(ya)- | 163 | ||
| 4.7.6 lah(i)nal(l)a/i- | 164 | ||
| 4.7.7 s(u)wani- | 165 | ||
| 4.7.8 uliyanada- | 167 | ||
| 4.7.9 uwatara/i- | 168 | ||
| 4.7.10 uzakal(l)i- | 169 | ||
| 4.7.11 waralaz(z)a- | 169 | ||
| Chapter 5 Neo-Hittite Economy | 171 | ||
| 5.1 Between Syria and Anatolia | 171 | ||
| 5.2 Neo-Hittite Economy | 173 | ||
| 5.2.1 Date of the Documents | 176 | ||
| 5.2.2 Territorial Features | 176 | ||
| 5.2.3 Commodities and Prices | 177 | ||
| 5.2.4 The Measures | 180 | ||
| Chapter 6. Neo-Hittite Economic Documents | 185 | ||
| 6.1 The KULULU LEAD STRIPS | 185 | ||
| 6.1.1 General | 185 | ||
| 6.1.2 KULULU LEAD STRIP 1 | 189 | ||
| 6.1.3 KULULU LEAD STRIP 2 | 198 | ||
| 6.1.4 KULULU LEAD STRIP 3(+ FRGM. 2) | 202 | ||
| 6.1.5 KULULU LEAD FRAGMENT 1 | 205 | ||
| 6.1.6 KULULU LEAD FRAGMENT 3 | 207 | ||
| 6.2 The ASSUR LETTERS | 208 | ||
| 6.2.1 General | 208 | ||
| 6.2.2 ASSUR LETTER A | 210 | ||
| 6.2.3 ASSUR LETTER B | 213 | ||
| 6.2.4 ASSUR LETTER C | 216 | ||
| 6.2.5 ASSUR LETTER D | 217 | ||
| 6.2.6 ASSUR LETTER E | 219 | ||
| 6.2.7 ASSUR LETTER F+G | 225 | ||
| 6.3 The ALTINTEPE Pithoi | 233 | ||
| 6.3.1 General | 233 | ||
| 6.3.2 The Texts | 234 | ||
| 6.4 The KiRŞEHiR LETTER | 236 | ||
| 6.4.1 General | 236 | ||
| 6.4.2 The Text | 236 | ||
| Chapter 7. Royal Inscriptions DiscussingEconomy | 241 | ||
| 7.1 Northern Inscriptions | 241 | ||
| 7.1.1 General | 241 | ||
| 7.1.2 AKSARAY | 243 | ||
| 7.1.3 BOR | 245 | ||
| 7.1.4 SULTANHAN (excerptum §§10-29) | 247 | ||
| 7.2 Southern Inscriptions | 251 | ||
| 7.2.1 General | 251 | ||
| 7.2.2 CEKKE | 252 | ||
| 7.2.3 KARKEMIŠ A2 (excerptum §§6-8) | 260 | ||
| 7.2.4 KARKEMIŠ A4A | 261 | ||
| 7.2.5 KARKEMIS A11A (excerptum §§9-12) | 263 | ||
| 7.2.6 TÜNP 1 | 264 | ||
| Appendix A. After the Assyrian Conquest | 267 | ||
| A.1 Neo-Assyrian Texts about the Former Neo-Hittite States | 267 | ||
| A.1.1 The Conquest of the Neo-Hittite States | 267 | ||
| A.1.2 The Documents | 268 | ||
| A.2 The so-called Karkemiš Tablet | 271 | ||
| Appendix B. Tables | 275 | ||
| Indices | 285 | ||
| Anthroponyms | 285 | ||
| Toponyms | 289 | ||
| Hieroglyphic Sources | 293 | ||
| Glossary to Chapters 6 and 7 | 299 | ||
| References | 315 | ||
| Abbreviations | 332 |
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