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St. Lucian Creole
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BUCH

St. Lucian Creole

A Descriptive Analysis of its Phonology and Morpho-Syntax

Carrington, Lawrence D.

Kreolische Bibliothek, Bd. 6

2025

Vorschau Titel nicht lizenziert

Zusätzliche Informationen

Bibliografische Daten

Publisher Name
Buske
ISBN
978-3-96769-612-7
978-3-96769-643-1 (Printausgabe)
DOI
https://doi.org/10.46771/978-3-96769-612-7
Auflage
1
Auflagenbeschreibung
Unverändertes eBook der 1. Auflage von 1984
Sprache
Deutsch
Seiten
180
Kollektionen
Helmut Buske Verlag: Alle eBooks des Verlages 
Fachgebiete
Grammatik, Syntax und Morphologie
Pidgin und Kreol-Sprachen

Abstract

Ce travail, rédigé en 1967 et mis à jour pour la publication, est une analyse synchronique du créole de Sainte-Lucie (Antilles), inconnu jusqu’à cette date. Après un bref chapitre introductif l’auteur procède à une description de la phonologie, de la morphologie et de la morphophonologie ainsi que de la syntaxe de cet idiome.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Zwischenüberschrift Seite Aktion Preis
Cover U1
Preface V
Acknowledgements VII
Contents IX
INTRODUCTION 1
0.1 Geography 1
0.2 History of colonization 1
0.2.1 Predominance of the French 2
0.3 Creole in St. Lucia 3
0.3.1 Use of and attitudes towards Creole 5
0.4 Origins and development of Creole 13
0.5 The corpus and informants 13
0.6 Typographical conventions 16
PHONOLOGY 17
1.1 Vowels 17
1.1.1 Distinctive features 17
1.1.2 Classification of vowel phonemes 17
1.1.3 Minimal forms 18
1.1.4 Description of vowel phonemes 18
1.2 Semi-vowels 22
1.2.1 Distinctive features 22
1.2.2 Classification of semi-vowel phonemes 22
1.2.3 Minimal forms 22
1.2.4 Description of semi-vowel phonemes 22
1.2.5 Phonemic norms 23
1.3 Consonants 23
1.3.1 Distinctive features 23
1.3.2 Classification of consonants 24
1.3.3 Minimal forms 25
1.3.4 Description of consonants 25
1.3.5 Phonemic norms 29
1.4 Distribution of phonemes 29
1.4.1 Distribution of single consonants 29
1.4.2 Distribution of consonant clusters 30
1.4.3 Occurrence of single consonant before vowels 31
1.4.4 Distribution of vowels 32
1.4.5 Distribution of semi-vowels 33
1.4.6 Occurrence of semi-vowels as glide sounds 35
1.5 Syllable structure 37
1.5.1 Syllabic nuclei 37
1.5.2 Syllable types 37
1.5.3 Syllabic consonants 42
1.6 Nasalisation 43
1.7 Stress 44
MORPHOLOGY 46
2.1 Gender variations 46
2.2 Number variations 46
2.3 Lexical association patterns 47
2.3.1 Omission of final syllable 47
2.3.2 Omission and suffixation 48
2.3.3 Variation of final phoneme 49
2.3.4 Reduplication 50
2.3.5 Prefixation 50
MORPHO-PHONEMICS 52
3.1 Vocalic alternations 52
3.2 Consonantal alternations 52
3.3 Loss of final vowel 53
3.4 Loss of consonant 54
3.5 Forms of the definite marker 55
3.6 Forms of the third person singular personalpronoun 56
3.7 Variant forms of the personal pronoun /mwe/ 57
3.7.1 Variations consequent upon the instability of the pronoun /mwe/ 58
3.8 Positional variants of other morphemes 60
SYNTAX 64
Section I: Sentence Components 64
4.1 Purpose 64
4.2 The nominal - definition 64
4.3 Main types of nominals 64
5 Nouns 64
5.1 Definition 64
5.1.1 Characteristic noun markers 65
5.2 Sub-classification of nouns 65
5.2.1 Noun I - common nouns 65
5.2.2 Noun I I - proper nouns 65
5.2.3 Noun I I I - mass nouns 66
5.2.4 Noun IV - abstract nouns 66
5.3 Nouns linked to markers 66
5.3.1 Nouns linked to indefinite marker 66
5.3.2 Nouns linked to definite marker 66
5.3.3 Nouns linked to plural marker 67
5.3.4 Nouns with zero marker 68
6 Pronouns 68
6.1 Definition 68
6.2 Types of pronouns 68
6.2.1 Personal pronouns 69
6.2.2 Demonstrative pronouns 70
6.2.2.1 The specific demonstrative 70
6.2.2.2 The general demonstrative 71
6.3 Possessive pronouns 72
6.4 Reflexive pronouns 73
7 Noun qualifiers 74
7.1 Classification 74
7.1.1 Adjectives 75
7.1.1.1 Types of adjectives 75
7.1.1.2 Pre-positioned adjectives 75
7.1.1.3 Post-positioned adjectives 76
7.1.1.4 Comparison of adjectives 76
7.1.2 Numerals 77
7.1.2.1 Emphatic usage of the numeral /jo/ 78
7.1.2.2 Use of the numeral in expressing dates 78
7.1.3 Ordinals 78
7.1.4 Quantitatives 79
7.1.5 Indefinites 80
7.1.6 Distributive 81
7.1.7 Negative 81
7.1.8 Interrogatives 81
7.1.9 Alternatives 82
7.1.10 Other noun qualifiers 83
7.2 Independent usage of noun qualifiers by deletionof noun 83
7.2.1 Independent usage of the adjective 83
7.2.2 Other noun qualifiers used independently 84
8 Other nominals 85
9 Conjoined nominals - definition 85
9.1 Conditions governing conjoined nominals 86
9.2 Basic conjoined nominals 89
9.2.1 Noun head with noun adjunct 89
9.2.2 Noun head with personal pronoun adjunct 92
9.2.3 Noun head with demonstrative pronoun adjunct 92
9.2.4 Demonstrative pronoun head with noun adjunct 93
10 Non-subject or object usages of nominals 93
10.1 Locative phrases 93
10.1.1 Locative Type I 94
10.1.2 Locative Type II 94
10.1.3 Locative Type III 96
10.2 Temporal phrases 97
10.2.1 Temporal phrase Type I 97
10.2.2 Temporal phrase Type II 98
10.2.3 Temporal phrase Type III 98
11 The Verb 99
11.1 Definition 99
11.2 General Characteristics of the verb 99
11.3 Classification of verbs 100
11.4 Classes of verb 100
11.4.1 Class I Transitive verbs 100
11.4.1.1 Class Ia Transitive verbs having limited directobjects 100
11.4.1.2 Class Ib Transitive verbs having deletable direct objects 101
11.4.1.3 Class Ic Transitive verbs having direct and indirect objects 102
11.4.1.4 Class Id Transitive verbs having direct objectand nominal complement 103
11.4.1.5 Class Ie Transitive verbs having direct objectand verb complement 104
11.4.1.6 Class If Transitive verbs having direct objectand adjectival complement 105
11.4.2 Class II Intransitive verbs 105
11.4.2.1 Class IIa Intransitive verbs having nominalcomplement 106
11.4.2.2 Class IIb Intransitive verbs having nominal oradjectival complement 106
11.4.2.3 Class IIe Intransitive verbs having nominal dative and/or nominal complement 106
11.4.2.4 Class Id Intransitive verbs having locative complement 107
11.4.3 Class III Verbs which govern subordinate verbs 108
11.4.4 Class IV Verbs governing subordinate sentences 109
11.5 Significances of intransitive usages of transitive verbs 110
11.5.1 Passive voice 110
11.5.2 Participial usage of verbs 111
11.5.3 Reciprocal usage 112
11.5.4 Impersonal usage of verbs 112
12 The Predicate 113
12.1 Predicates with verbs 113
12.2 Predicates without verbs 115
12.3 Predicative particles 116
12.3.1 Zero particle 117
12.3.2 Particle /ka/ 118
12.3.3 Particle /kaj/ 118
12.3.4 Particle /te/ 119
12.3.5 Particle /anu/ 119
12.4 Predicative auxiliaries 120
12.4.1 /sa/ 120
12.4.2 /pe/ 121
13 Sentence Modifiers 123
13.1 The structure of sentence modifiers 123
13.2 Types of sentence modifiers 124
13.2.1 Sentence modifier Type I 124
13.2.2 Sentence modifier Type II 124
13.2.3 Sentence modifier Type III 125
14 Other classes of morphemes 125
14.1 Connectives 125
14.1.1 Co-ordinate connectives 125
14.1.2 Contradictory connectives 126
14.1.3 Negative connective 126
14.1.4 Resumptive connectives 127
14.1.5 Alternative connectives 128
14.2 Conjunctions 129
14.3 Reply words 129
14.4 Sentence tags 130
14.5 Copulas 131
14.6 Relative function word /ki/ 132
14.7 Interrogative function words 132
14.8 Negative particles and modifiers 132
Section II: Sentence Structure 133
15.1 Purpose 133
15.2 Sentences - Definition 133
15.3 Categories of sentences 133
16 Affirmative declarative sentences 134
16.1 Basic affirmative declarative sentences 134
16.2 Simple affirmative declarative sentences 135
16.2.1 Position of the temporal phrase 135
16.2.2 Position of the locative phrase 137
16.2.3 Position of the sentence modifier 138
16.3 Copula type sentence 138
16.4 Complex affirmative declarative sentences 139
16.4.1 Complex sentences with subordinating conjunctions 140
16.4.1.1 Subordinating conjunctions Type A 140
16.4.1.2 Subordinating conjunctions Type B 141
16.4.1.3 Subordinating conjunctions Type C 141
16.4.1.4 Subordinating conjunctions Type D 142
16.4.1.5 Subordinating conjunctions Type E 142
16.4.2 Subordinate sentence introduced by a main verb 142
16.4.3 Subordinate sentence introduced by other morphemes in a main sentence 143
16.5 Comparative sentences 143
16.6 Relative sentences 145
16.6.1 Relative sentences introduced by /ki/ 145
16.6.2 Relative sentences without introductory function word 145
16.6.3 Optional displacement of noun marker by relative sentence 146
16.7 Emphasis by use of copulas 146
16.7.1 Ellipsis of pre-positioned copula 148
17 Interrogative sentences 148
17.1 Interrogatives /es/ , /putsi/ and /kuma/ 149
17.2 Interrogatives /kome/ , /ki les/ and /ki/ 150
17.3 Omission of interrogative /ki/ 151
17.4 Interrogative transforms of sentences having non-verbal predicates 151
18 Imperative sentences 152
19 Negation 153
19.1 Negative particles 154
19.2 Negative nominals 156
19.3 Negative noun qualifiers 156
19.4 Negative modifiers 157
20 Responses 158
20.1 Definition 158
20.2 Single morpheme responses 159
20.3 Phrases as responses 159
21 Terminal contours 160
21.1 Contours of declarative sentences 160
21.2 Contours of interrogative sentences 161
21.3 Contours of imperative sentences 162
22 Postscript 1983 165
23 Bibliography 177

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